<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"><channel><title>Industry-4.0 on Le Site de François</title><link>https://lesitedefrancois.be/en/tags/industry-4.0/</link><description>Recent content in Industry-4.0 on Le Site de François</description><generator>Hugo -- gohugo.io</generator><language>en</language><copyright>© 2026 François</copyright><atom:link href="https://lesitedefrancois.be/en/tags/industry-4.0/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><item><title>Edge Computing</title><link>https://lesitedefrancois.be/en/telco/edge-computing/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://lesitedefrancois.be/en/telco/edge-computing/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Edge computing&lt;/strong&gt; in telecommunications places &lt;strong&gt;compute, storage, and application execution&lt;/strong&gt; close to users and devices — at &lt;strong&gt;cell sites&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;regional points of presence&lt;/strong&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;on-prem enterprise locations&lt;/strong&gt; — rather than only in distant &lt;strong&gt;hyperscale data centres&lt;/strong&gt;. The goal is to reduce &lt;strong&gt;end-to-end latency&lt;/strong&gt;, limit &lt;strong&gt;backhaul&lt;/strong&gt; load, satisfy &lt;strong&gt;data residency&lt;/strong&gt;, and enable &lt;strong&gt;real-time&lt;/strong&gt; applications (AR/VR, industrial control, V2X, video analytics) that are impractical with &lt;strong&gt;50–100 ms&lt;/strong&gt; round trips to central clouds. In &lt;strong&gt;5G&lt;/strong&gt;, edge is tightly coupled to the &lt;strong&gt;user plane&lt;/strong&gt;: a &lt;strong&gt;local UPF&lt;/strong&gt; on &lt;strong&gt;N6&lt;/strong&gt; breakout forwards traffic to an &lt;strong&gt;edge data network (DN)&lt;/strong&gt; hosting &lt;strong&gt;MEC applications&lt;/strong&gt; without hairpinning through the operator’s core hub.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item><item><title>Private 5G</title><link>https://lesitedefrancois.be/en/telco/private-5g/</link><pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate><guid>https://lesitedefrancois.be/en/telco/private-5g/</guid><description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Private 5G&lt;/strong&gt; (also &lt;strong&gt;non-public 5G&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;dedicated 5G&lt;/strong&gt;, or &lt;strong&gt;campus/industrial 5G&lt;/strong&gt;) denotes &lt;strong&gt;3GPP-conformant 5G systems&lt;/strong&gt; operated for a &lt;strong&gt;defined organisation or site&lt;/strong&gt; — factory, port, mine, hospital, stadium, or utility — rather than as a nationwide public mobile service. &lt;strong&gt;3GPP Release 16+&lt;/strong&gt; formalised &lt;strong&gt;Non-Public Networks (NPN)&lt;/strong&gt; with two principal models: &lt;strong&gt;Standalone NPN (SNPN)&lt;/strong&gt; — an isolated PLMN (dedicated &lt;strong&gt;MCC/MNC&lt;/strong&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;PLMN ID&lt;/strong&gt;) with its own &lt;strong&gt;5GC and NG-RAN&lt;/strong&gt;; and &lt;strong&gt;Public Network Integrated NPN (PNI-NPN)&lt;/strong&gt; — a &lt;strong&gt;slice&lt;/strong&gt; or dedicated &lt;strong&gt;DNN&lt;/strong&gt; on a &lt;strong&gt;public operator’s 5G&lt;/strong&gt; with contractual isolation. Private 5G delivers &lt;strong&gt;URLLC-capable&lt;/strong&gt; connectivity, &lt;strong&gt;local breakout&lt;/strong&gt; (traffic stays on-site via &lt;strong&gt;local UPF&lt;/strong&gt;), &lt;strong&gt;deterministic QoS&lt;/strong&gt;, and &lt;strong&gt;control&lt;/strong&gt; over upgrades and security policies — advantages over &lt;strong&gt;Wi-Fi 6/7&lt;/strong&gt; in mobility, scheduling, and industrial &lt;strong&gt;TSN&lt;/strong&gt; integration scenarios, at higher cost and regulatory complexity.&lt;/p&gt;</description></item></channel></rss>